Considers elements, their roles and uptake mechanisms in soil-plant systems and discusses indicators of adequacy and availability. Sample specifications and preparation for laboratory analyses of soil and crops of economic importance are given. Interpretations of analytical data from such analyses are discussed in relation to fertilizer program development. Factors affecting nutrient availability and uptake are considered along with amelioration practices. Cost-effectiveness, suitability and use of fertilizer materials, both inorganic and organic, are discussed with environmental considerations using examples from Industry.